its important to distinguish between observations and inferences. When you do something with that observation, like draw a conclusion or offer an explanation then you are making an inference. The inference may or may not be a correct one. Correctness is not what makes the difference between observation and inference. inference is the result of a mental process which attempts to explain or catalog or speculate about that observation. Making an inference is the ability to connect what is in a text with what’s in your mind to create educated assumptions about meaning. a.k.a. reading between the lines
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